Rini da Kammalawa Tsarin Rini (1)

Zaɓin rini da tsarin karewa ya dogara ne akan nau'ikan, ƙayyadaddun bayanai da buƙatun samfurin da aka gama na masana'anta, waɗanda za'a iya raba su zuwa pre-magani,rinig, bugawa, bayan kammalawa da sauransu.

Kafin magani

Zaruruwan halitta suna ɗauke da ƙazanta, a cikin tsarin sarrafa yadi kuma suna ƙara slurry, mai da ƙazanta mai gurɓata, kasancewar waɗannan ƙazanta, ba wai kawai suna hana ci gaban rini da sarrafa ƙarewa ba, har ma suna shafar aikin lalacewa na yadi.

Manufar yin magani kafin a fara aiki ita ce a shafa sinadarai da na'urorin injiniya don cire datti a kan masakar, a sa masakar ta yi fari, laushi, kuma ta kasance mai sauƙin shiga don biyan buƙatun shan ta, da kuma samar da samfuran da suka cancanta don rini, bugawa da kuma kammalawa.

Auduga: shirya zane danye, singeing, desigmentation, tafasa, bleach, mercerizing. Polyester: shirya zane, tacewa (ruwa alkaline, da sauransu), pre-ragewa, ajiyar wuri, rage nauyin alkali (ruwa alkaline, da sauransu).

Yin waƙa

Yawanci, bayan shiga masana'antar buga takardu da rini daga masana'antar yadi, ya kamata a fara duba zanen launin toka, a juya shi, a yi masa batter, a buga shi da dinki, sannan a yi masa waƙa.

Dalilai:

(1) a kan zane ba tare da yin lanƙwasa ƙasa da yawa ba, tsawonsa daban-daban;

(2) matakin gamawa mara kyau ne, gurɓatawa mai sauƙi ne;

(3) a cikin jerin rini da kammala ulu na zhongyi, lahani na bugawa da rini.

Manufar waƙa:

(1) inganta hasken zane; Inganta ƙarewa;

(2) inganta juriyar ƙwayoyin cuta (musamman masana'antar zare mai sinadarai);

(3) inganta salon, yin waƙa na iya sa yadi ya zama mai kauri, ƙashi ne.

Ƙirƙirar Siffa

A cikin tsarin saka, zaren yana fuskantar ƙarin tashin hankali da gogayya, wanda yake da sauƙin karyewa. Domin rage karyewar zaren, inganta ingancin saƙa da ingancin masaku masu launin toka, ya zama dole a auna girman zaren kafin a saka. Zaren da ke cikin zaren yana mannewa kuma yana riƙe da juna, kuma yana samar da wani fim mai ƙarfi a saman zaren, yana sa zaren ya yi laushi da ƙarfi, don haka yana inganta ƙarfin karyewa da juriyar lalacewa na zaren.

Manufar Rage Girma: Bayan an yi girma, slurry ɗin zai shiga cikin zare sannan ya manne a saman zaren. Yayin da yake inganta aikin zaren, slurry ɗin yana gurɓata ruwan rini da sarrafa shi, yana hana hulɗar sinadarai tsakanin zare da rini da kayan sinadarai, kuma yana sa ya zama da wahala a yi rini da sarrafa shi.

(1) Gabatarwa ga slurry da aka saba amfani da shi

Slurry na halitta: sitaci, ɗanyen ruwan teku, ɗanko, da sauransu.

Sitaci:

① idan akwai lalacewar acid;

② idan akwai kwanciyar hankali na alkali, kumburi;

③ idan akwai oxidants za a iya rugujewa;

④ ta hanyar rushewar enzyme na sitaci.

Sinadaran sinadarai: abubuwan da aka samo daga cellulose kamar hydroxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylic acid, polyester, da sauransu.

Kayayyakin PVA:

① tsayayye zuwa acid da tushe, danko ba ya ragewa;

② Yana lalacewa ta hanyar oxidant.

③ Faɗin amfani, kyakkyawan jituwa, babu haɗakar martani

(2) Hanyoyin rage girman da aka saba amfani da su

1. Tsarin Alkaline

Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su a masana'antar rini a gida, amma yawan cire girman ba shi da yawa, kuma ana iya cire wasu ƙazanta yayin cire girman.

Tsarin aiki: Amfani da maganin sodium hydroxide mai narkewa, sitaci slurry a ƙarƙashin tasirin kumburin alkali (ko kumburi), baya faruwa da amsawar sinadarai, don haka slurry daga gel zuwa sol, rage ƙarfin ɗaurewa tsakanin zare da slurry, sannan amfani da wanki da ƙarfin injiniya don cire shi. Ga PVA da polyacrylate slurries, yana iya narkar da sodium hydroxide a cikin ruwan da aka narkar.

rage girman enzyme (sitaci)

Ana kuma kiran enzymes da enzymes, biocatalysts.

Siffofi: yawan rage girman abu, ba zare mai rauni ba, kawai don sitaci, ba zai iya cire datti ba.

Siffofi: a. Ingantaccen aiki. b. Musamman: Enzyme zai iya haɓaka amsawa ɗaya kawai ko ma wani takamaiman amsawa. c. Yanayin zafi da ƙimar PH suna shafar aikin.

Don sitaci slurry ko sitaci gauraye slurry (abin da ke cikin sitaci ya fi rinjaye), ana iya amfani da amylase don rage girman.

Tsarin rage acid

Amfani da shi a gida ba shi da yawa, domin amfani yana da sauƙin lalata zare, idan aka haɗa shi da wasu hanyoyi. Ana amfani da hanyar matakai biyu: rage girman alkaline - rage girman acid. Rage girman acid na iya sa sitaci ya yi ruwa, cire gishirin ma'adinai da sauransu, da kuma rama juna.

Tsarin Oxidation

Maganin oxidizing: NaBrO2 (sodium bromite) H2O2, Na2S2O8, (NH4) 2S2O8, da sauransu.

Ka'ida: Maganin oxidizing zai iya oxidize da lalata dukkan nau'ikan slurry, nauyin kwayoyin halittarsa ​​da dankonsa suna raguwa sosai, narkewar ruwa yana ƙaruwa, kuma ana hana slurry mannewa da zare, sannan a cire hydrolysate ta hanyar wankewa mai inganci.

(1) Tafasa

Manufar tafasawa ita ce cire dattin zare da inganta halayen sarrafa masakar, musamman yadda za a jika ta.

Rashin tsafta na halitta: Ga tsattsarkan yadin auduga, galibi ƙwayoyin zare ko halittu masu alaƙa, gami da kakin mai, pectin, furotin, toka, launin fata da harsashin tsaban auduga.

Gurɓataccen abu na wucin gadi: ƙazanta kamar mai, mai hana kumburi da mai, tsatsa da ragowar slurry da aka ƙara a cikin aikin juyawa da saƙa.

Waɗannan ƙazanta suna da matuƙar tasiri ga danshi na masana'anta kuma suna hana rini da kammala masana'anta, kuma dole ne a cire su a cikin tsarin tacewa tare da sodium hydroxide a matsayin babban kuma surfactants a matsayin mataimaki.

(2) Yin Bleaching

Bayan tafasa, yawancin ƙazanta na halitta da na wucin gadi suna fitowa a kanmasana'antaana cire su, amma ga masaku masu launin bleach da haske, ana buƙatar yin bleach. Wato don cire launin launi, inganta farin launi a matsayin babban manufar sarrafa bleach.

Sinadaran zare ba su da launin fata, bayan tafasa ya yi fari sosai, kuma zaren auduga bayan gogewa har yanzu yana nan, farin ba shi da kyau, don haka yin bleaching galibi yana da alaƙa da ƙazanta na halitta akan zaren auduga.

(3) Bleach

Nau'in iskar oxygen: sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide da sodium chlorite, da sauransu, waɗanda galibi ake amfani da su a cikin zare na auduga da yadudduka masu gauraya.

Ragewa: NaHSO3 da foda na inshora, da sauransu, galibi ana amfani da su don yadin fiber na furotin.

(4) Bleaching na sodium hypochlorite:

Ana amfani da sinadarin sodium hypochlorite wajen yin bleaching na auduga da kuma audugar da aka haɗa, wani lokacin kuma ana amfani da shi wajen yin bleaching na audugar da aka haɗa da polyester. Duk da haka, ba za a iya amfani da shi wajen yin bleaching na furotin kamar siliki da ulu ba, saboda sodium hypochlorite yana da illa ga zaruruwan furotin, kuma yana sa zaruruwan su yi rawaya da lalacewa. A cikin tsarin bleaching, baya ga lalata launukan halitta, zaruruwan audugar da kanta na iya lalacewa, saboda haka, ya zama dole a kula da yanayin tsarin bleaching, don ingancin bayyanar da ingancin ciki ya zama daidai.

Sodium hypochlorite abu ne mai sauƙin ƙerawa, mai rahusa, aikin yin bleaching na sodium hypochlorite abu ne mai sauƙi, amma saboda bleaching na sodium hypochlorite yana da illa ga kare muhalli, don haka a hankali ana maye gurbinsa da hydrogen peroxide.

(5) Ruwan hydrogen peroxide mai tsarkakewa H2O2:

Hydrogen peroxide, wanda aka fi sani da hydrogen peroxide, yana da tsarin kwayoyin halitta H2O2. Ana kiran sinadarin hydrogen peroxide da sinadarin oxygen bleaching. Daidaiton maganin hydrogen peroxide ba shi da kyau sosai a yanayin alkaline. Sakamakon haka, sinadarin hydrogen peroxide na kasuwanci yana da ɗan acidic.

Yadi da aka yi wa fenti da hydrogen peroxide yana da kyakkyawan fari, launinsa mai tsabta, kuma ba shi da sauƙin yin rawaya idan aka adana shi. Ana amfani da shi sosai wajen yin fenti da auduga. Yin fenti da iskar oxygen yana da sauƙin daidaitawa fiye da yin fenti da chlorine, amma hydrogen peroxide ya fi farashin sodium hypochlorite tsada, kuma yin fenti da iskar oxygen yana buƙatar kayan aikin ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe, yawan amfani da makamashi ya fi girma, farashin ya fi yin fenti da chlorine tsada tsada.

A halin yanzu, ana amfani da hanyar yin bleaching mai faɗi a masana'antun bugawa da rini. Wannan hanyar tana da babban matakin ci gaba, sarrafa kansa da ingancin samarwa, sauƙin tafiyar da tsari kuma ba ta haifar da gurɓataccen muhalli.

5. An yi masa Mercerized (yadin auduga)

Yadi a ƙarƙashin wani yanayi na tashin hankali, tare da taimakon soda mai ƙarfi, da kuma kiyaye girman da ake buƙata, na iya samun haske mai laushi, wannan tsari ana kiransa mercerization.

(1) Manufar yin amfani da mercerization:

A. Inganta sheƙi da jin daɗin saman yadi, saboda kumburin zare, tsarin zare ya fi tsari, kuma hasken ya fi dacewa, don haka yana inganta sheƙi.
B. Ƙara yawan rini bayan kammala mercerizing, yankin zare yana raguwa, yankin amorphous yana ƙaruwa, kuma rini yana da yuwuwar shiga zare, yawan launi fiye da zare na auduga mai mercerized ya ƙaru da kashi 20%, kuma haske ya inganta, a lokaci guda yana ƙara ƙarfin rufewa na gaba.
C. Don inganta daidaiton girma, mercerizing ya kammala tasirin ƙira, zai iya kawar da wrinkles na igiya, ƙarin na iya biyan buƙatun ingancin rini da buga samfuran rabin da rabi. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine bayan mercerizing, kwanciyar hankali na faɗaɗa masana'anta ya inganta sosai, don haka rage raguwar ƙimar masana'anta sosai.

6. Tsaftacewa, rage raguwa (yadin zare na sinadarai)

Manufar tacewa kafin a rage shi shine a cire mai, slurry da datti da ke shaƙa a kan masakar (zaren) yayin adanawa da jigilar saƙa, kuma a lokaci guda, ana iya narkar da wasu oligomers akan zaren a cikin tacewa mai zafi. Ya kamata a rage yadin launin toka kafin a ƙara yawan alkali, kuma ya kamata a ƙara ƙarin abubuwa kamar olein da caustic soda. Ana yin maganin kafin a yi amfani da masakar zaren sinadarai a cikin injin rini mai zafi da matsin lamba mai yawa.

7. Rage Alkali (yadin zare na sinadarai)

(1) Ka'ida da tasirin rage alkali

Maganin rage Alkali shine tsarin magance yadin polyester a cikin zafin jiki mai yawa da kuma mai ƙona mai yawa. Ana samar da sinadarin polyester ta hanyar hydrolyze da kuma karya shi ta hanyar ester bond na sarkar kwayoyin polyester a saman zaren a cikin ruwan sodium hydroxide, kuma ana samar da samfuran hydrolysis tare da matakan polymerization daban-daban akai-akai, kuma a ƙarshe ana samar da sodium terephthalate da ethylene glycol masu narkewa cikin ruwa. Kayan aikin rage Alkali galibi sun haɗa da injin rini mai ambaliya, injin rage ci gaba, injin rage ci gaba iri uku, banda injin rini mai ambaliya; Injin rage ci gaba da lokaci-lokaci na iya sake amfani da sauran lye. Domin tabbatar da daidaiton siffar da girman zane mai launin toka ga wasu samfuran rage alkali, yana da mahimmanci a ƙara tsari da aka riga aka tsara, sannan a shiga tsarin rini.